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Hamaguchi regresa tras ‘Drive my car’ con una película sobre “lo salvaje que puede ser el capitalismo”

Hamaguchi regresa tras ‘Drive my car’ con una película sobre “lo salvaje que puede ser el capitalismo”

La forma en la que el ser humano se relaciona con el lugar que habita siempre ha sido algo que preocupa, pero en los últimos años y con la pandemia como acelerador evidente, la gente se ha preguntado de verdad en dónde quiere vivir y han incluso empezado a valorar esa naturaleza que muchos solo miraban como escenario bucólico para hacer un picnic los domingos para volver después a una rutina asfixiante en la ciudad. 

Ese sentir se ha notado en el cine, que desde hace unos años reflexiona sobre el tema. Lo hace desde el drama íntimo, como Alcarràs; y desde el thriller, como As bestas. En ambas, Carla Simón y Rodrigo Sorogoyen parecían pensar desde sitios opuestos en las mismas cosas. ¿Se ha agotado la vida en el campo como la conocíamos?, ¿se puede volver a ella?, ¿es solo cuestión de turistas con ganas de aire fresco?, ¿hay dos formas de vida condenadas a friccionar en comunidad?

Si fue curioso que dos películas del mismo año dialogaran entre sí de una forma tan clara, también lo es que esa diatriba se esté dando en todo el mundo, incluso en cineastas a los que el campo les pilla más bien lejos. Es el caso de Riūsuke Hamaguchi, que siempre ha destacado por sus dramas de ciudad, donde en sus largas conversaciones captaba el dolor de sus personajes. Los diálogos de las amigas de Happy Hour; o los de la conductora y el conducido en Drive My Car -la película que le colocó en el foco del cine de autor mundial con Oscar incluido, además de la nominación a Mejor director, Mejor película y guion adaptado-… eran la radiografía de unos personajes cuyo hábitat era claramente la ciudad.

Ahora mira al campo en El mal no existe (que ya se puede ver en cines). O mejor, a la relación entre campo y ciudad, entre aquellos que llevan años manteniendo un estilo de vida fuera de la urbe y asisten a la llegada del capitalismo en su forma más amable y hasta conciliadora. Pero también en su forma más depredadora, la que quiere aprovechar cualquier rincón para sacar más dinero. Lo hace en forma de una palabra que por sí misma da grima, glamping. Un camping de lujo que una empresa intenta instalar en un idílico bosque japonés donde una comunidad se autogestiona de forma asociativa. 

Como siempre en el cine de Hamaguchi una escena excelentemente dialogada parte en dos el filme, aquí la reunión del pueblo con el empresario y la persona que servirá de enlace entre ambos mundos. Hamaguchi confiesa que él es “urbanita” y que nunca ha vivido en el entorno rural, por lo que ha tenido que aprender muchas cosas, pero esta película nace con una idea clara, y es que “el equilibrio con la naturaleza es importante y es necesario hacer sacrificios en nuestro modo de vida”.

Esta vena social, nueva en Hamaguchi, no nace de forma deliberada, sino más bien instintiva, ya que este proyecto surge como un encargo, el de poner imágenes a las envolventes composiciones musicales de Eiko Ishibashim, que finalmente han quedado como banda sonora de la película. La idea del argumento le vino trabajando en este proyecto que parte de una idea común de ambos, y es que “la sociedad ha llegado a un punto en que no basta con que seas una buena persona y con hacer las cosas bien, sino que en cierto modo ya no hay retorno para según qué circunstancias”.

La sociedad ha llegado a un punto en que no basta con que seas una buena persona y con hacer las cosas bien

Ryūsuke Hamaguchi Cineasta

Hamaguchi pensaba que la pandemia iba a provocar una resignificación en la forma de relacionarnos con todo. Desde el medio ambiente al cine. Sin embargo, se da cuenta de que su optimismo no era real. “Yo pensaba que verdaderamente la pandemia iba a cambiar mucho la manera de hacer cine en Japón, y me he encontrado con que apenas ha cambiado. La pandemia nos enseñó algo sobre el cine japonés, y es que estábamos trabajando en condiciones inhumanas. Y ahora, una vez que ya han pasado todos los años más duros de la pandemia, estamos volviendo prácticamente a hacer las cosas de la misma manera”, dice con pesar.

Al final, el enemigo es el mismo que en su película, el mercado. “La pandemia nos ha enseñado lo salvaje que puede llegar a ser el capitalismo, y el modo capitalista en que está dirigido el mundo del cine japonés. Ya tuve una vez una sensación parecida hace 12 o 13 años, cuando el desastre de Fukushima hizo que se reprodujeran las mismas actitudes en el mundo del cine, la misma crueldad hacia la gente que estábamos haciendo películas, y todo esto va cambiando un poco tu manera de ver el mundo”, añade.

Él si aplica una nueva concepción a sus rodajes, y confiesa que ha a aprendido a valorar “las condiciones laborales de aquellos que nos dedicamos al cine”. “Es algo que ahora está mirándose con mucho detenimiento en el mundo del cine. El hecho de trabajar solamente un número determinado de horas al día, el dar descanso al equipo. Cosas que todos queremos. Todos queremos trabajar con más calma y tener más descanso. Desde este punto de vista he hecho que predominen las escenas rodadas durante el día para poder terminar a una hora razonable. Este tipo de cosas te hacen pensar a la hora de escribir el guion de qué manera puedes hacerlo de una forma que sea más respetuosa con unas condiciones laborales más humanas”. Un humanismo que se desprende en su cine, pero que Hamaguchi traslada también a los rodajes en un ejercicio de coherencia que no suele abundar.


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